Projects | Projekte
FWF Principal Investigator Project PAT2777025
FWF Principal Investigator Project PAT2777025
Politics of Truth (PoT)
Rethinking Truth in a Post-Truth World
Grant-DOI: 10.55776/PAT2777025
https://doi.org/10.55776/PAT2777025
Principal Investigator: PD Dr. Gerald Posselt, M.A.
Research Institution: Austrian Academy of Science, Institute of Culture Studies (IKW)
Duration: 48 months
Funding Amount: € 442.953
Project Summary
The significance of truth in politics has been the subject of intense debate recently, with political commentators declaring ours a ‘post-truth’ era. With the rise of populism and authoritarianism and the ubiquity of lies and fake news in the public sphere, the conflict between truth and politics has emerged as one of the most pressing issues of our time. Surprisingly, political philosophy and theory have so far paid only little attention to it. There are strong reservations about treating truth as a concept of political value, whether from a republican, liberal, pragmatist, or radical democratic perspective.
While current debates focus either on questions of knowledge, including epistemic virtues and vices, or on questions of power and ideology, this project takes a new approach by rethinking truth as a political concept in its own right that cannot be reduced to epistemic, moral, or power-related issues. The guiding thesis is that social crises and conflicts affect not only the political sphere but also a society’s regime of truth, so that previously self-evident norms, practices, and institutions are called into question. As regards the ‘post-truth’ discourse, it follows that the topics it covers – such as the crisis of democracy, the rise of populism, the fragmentation of the public sphere, or attacks on science – are not separate phenomena but rather symptoms of a crisis of the current truth regime. This crisis is by no means new. It can be traced back at least to the crisis of liberalism in the early 20th century, to which socialist, fascist, and neoliberal movements responded in different ways. The project therefore has three objectives: 1. an analysis of the truth-politics relationship from both a historical and a systematic perspective; 2. the development of a truth-political theory, focusing on the inherent connection between truth and politics in society; and 3. a genealogical reconstruction of the crisis of the current truth regime.
To meet these objectives, the project draws on a variety of approaches – including critical theory, ideology critique, discourse analysis, hegemony theory, pragmatics, and political epistemology – to elaborate the truth-political aspects implicit in them and develop them into an original truth-political account of analysis and critique.
The project breaks new ground in four respects: 1. conceptually, by rethinking truth as a political concept in its own right; 2. analytically, by conceiving of social crises and conflicts as disruptions that affect a society’s truth regime; 3. theoretically, by developing a truth-political theory that sheds new light on well-studied phenomena such as the democratic revolutions, Marxism-Leninism, and National Socialism; 4. in terms of critique, by renewing and strengthening social analysis and critique, thus countering the supposed ‘end of critique’.
FWF Principal Investigator Project P26579-G22
Language and Violence
The Ethico-Political Turn to Language After the Linguistic Turn
Research Objective
The goal of the reserch project is to provide – based on the analysis of linguistic violence and vulnerability – a non-reductionist account of language and violence that allows us to consider language in its ethical and political dimension, along with its cognitive-communicative function, as well as to envisage the different modes and practices by which we are constituted as epistemic, ethical and political subjects.
Project Summary
Although language has been one of the main issues of 20th-century philosophy, and violence has been at the center of interdisciplinary research at least since the 1960s, remarkably the problem of the relation of language and violence has been largely neglected until the end of the 20th century. In contrast, there has been a significant interest in the questions of linguistic violence and vulnerability in recent years: From insulting utterances and injurious speech, religious and political forms of propaganda and hate speech across structural forms of discrimination to hitherto unknown forms of violence that often go along with new media, we are confronted with a wide variety of different forms of linguistic violence in our everyday life. However, there does not exist a satisfying answer to the question of why we are vulnerable at all to verbal utterances and able to inflict pain and suffering on others by simple words. Though it seems clear that our vulnerability to language depends on the fact that we are linguistic and social beings, a systematic analysis of the complex relation of language and violence as well as of the various ways by which we are constituted as speaking subjects remains a desideratum.
While common approaches consider the relation of language and violence as an external one or tend to explain linguistic violence either by the act-like character of speech or to reduce it to a structural violence inherent to language itself, the proposed project breaks new ground by focusing consistently on the complex relation of language and violence. The main thesis is that linguistic violence is not a secondary form of an originally physical violence, but rather a form of violence in its own right in which the intrinsic relation of language and violence becomes manifest and that therefore can serve as a key for a more fundamental understanding both of language and of violence. This is backed by the hypothesis that it is possible neither to gain an adequate understanding of interpersonal violence without considering the role of language, nor to gain an adequate knowledge of language without considering the role of violence.
Thus, the project aims at an ethico-political turn to language after the linguistic turn. This turn is by no means just another “turn” in the humanities, but a decisive return to language with regard to its intrinsic entanglement with the ethical and the political – an entanglement that has been largely ignored even by 20th-century philosophy of language. The goal of the project is to provide – based on the analysis of linguistic violence and vulnerability – a non-reductionist account of language and violence that allows us to consider language, along with its cognitive-communicative function, in its subjectivizing and community-grounding dimension, as well as to envisage the different modes and practices by which we are constituted as epistemic, ethical and political subjects.
Projektzusammenfassung
Obwohl Sprache eines der zentralen Themen der Philosophie des 20. Jh. ist und Gewalt spätestens seit den 1960er Jahren im Zentrum interdisziplinärer Forschung steht, blieb bemerkenswerterweise die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Sprache und Gewalt bis zum Ende des 20. Jh. weitgehend ausgespart. Demgegenüber steht das in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegene Interesse an Fragen sprachlicher Gewalt und Verletzbarkeit: Von verletzenden und beleidigenden Äußerungen, politischen und religiösen Formen von Propaganda über strukturelle Formen der Diskriminierung bis hin zu bisher unbekannten Formen von Gewalt, die häufig mit den Neuen Medien einhergehen, sind wir alltäglich mit einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Formen sprachlicher Gewalt konfrontiert. Allerdings gibt es keine zufriedenstellende Antwort auf die Frage, warum wir überhaupt durch sprachliche Äußerungen verletzbar sind und warum wir allein durch Wörter anderen Schmerz und Leid zufügen können. Obwohl es klar scheint, dass unsere sprachliche Verwundbarkeit damit zusammenhängt, dass wir sprachliche und soziale Wesen sind, ist die systematische Analyse des komplexen Verhältnisses von Sprache und Gewalt sowie der unterschiedlichen Weisen, durch die wir als sprechende Subjekte konstituiert werden, nach wie vor ein Forschungsdesiderat.
Gängige Ansätze betrachten das Verhältnis von Sprache und Gewalt als ein äußerliches oder tendieren dazu, sprachliche Gewalt entweder allein aus dem Handlungscharakter der Sprache zu erklären oder auf eine strukturelle Gewalt in der Sprache zu reduzieren. Dagegen geht das vorliegende Projekt neue Wege, indem es konsequent das komplexe Verhältnis von Sprache und Gewalt in den Blick nimmt. Die zentrale These ist, dass sprachliche Gewalt keine abgeleitete oder sekundäre Form einer ursprünglich physischen Gewalt ist, sondern eine eigenständige Form der Gewalt darstellt, in der das intrinsische Verhältnis von Sprache und Gewalt zu Tage tritt und die folglich als ein Schlüssel dienen kann für ein grundlegenderes Verständnis sowohl von Sprache als auch von Gewalt. Dahinter steht die Hypothese, dass es weder möglich ist, ein angemessenes Verständnis von Sprache zu gewinnen ohne Berücksichtigung von Gewalt, noch eine adäquate Auffassung zwischenmenschlicher Gewalt ohne Berücksichtigung von Sprache.
Critical Theories Network
since 2016
Transformationen des Politischen: Aktuelle Beiträge im Spannungsfeld von Politischer Philosophie, Sozialphilosophie und Sprachphilosophie
Transformations of the Political: Recent Research in the Interplay between Political Philosophy, Social Philosophy and Philosophy of Language
Vortrags- & Workshop-Reihe
Universität Wien
2011-2016
